= core-shell NAs on FTO substrates were applied as electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Indeed, we discovered that the wire motif was essentially maintained and conserved after this high-temperature reaction process, thereby accentuating the thermal stability and physical robustness of our as-prepared hierarchical motifs. We also systematically analyzed and tracked the structural and chemical evolution of our catalysts before and after the CO 2 reduction experiments. Furthermore, it more ยป is additionally notable that the N 2 annealing pre-treatment is crucial in terms of preserving the overall 2 structure. These results imply the significance of the Cu/TiO 2 interface in terms of promoting CO 2 hydrogenation, since TiO 2 alone is known to be inert for this reaction. As compared with Cu nanowires (NWs) alone, it is evident that both of the 2 core-shell NW samples, regardless of pre-treatment conditions, evinced much better catalytic performance, up to as much as 20 times greater activity as compared with standard Cu NWs. Therefore, the pore size of the particles gradually decreased from 46 (SiO2dSiO2) to 10 nm (SSTiO2 (0.7)). Moreover, additionally important reaction parameters, such as precursor identity, the means of addition of precursors, and the reaction time, were individually explored with the objective of creating a series of optimized reaction conditions. It can be seen from Table 1 that as the amount of TBOT increases, the pores of the shell of the coreshell particles are gradually filled with TiO2 nanoclusters. It should be noted that whereas relative molar precursor concentrations primarily determined the magnitude of the resulting shell size, the dependence was non-linear. Uniform coatings were obtained using Cu: Ti molar ratios of 1: 2, 1: 1, 2: 1, and 4: 1, respectively. The rational synthesis of 2 nanowire structures was thoroughly explored using a microwave-assisted method through the tuning of experimental parameters such as but not limited to (i) controlled variation in molar ratios, (ii) the effect of discrete Ti precursors, (iii) the method of addition of the precursors themselves, and (iv) time of irradiation.
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